Search results for "Xanthine dehydrogenase"

showing 10 items of 13 documents

New 1,4-Dihydropyridines Down-regulate Nitric Oxide in Animals with Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus and Protect Deoxyribonucleic Acid agains…

2015

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications cause numerous health and social problems throughout the world. Pathogenic actions of nitric oxide (NO) are responsible to a large extent for development of complications of DM. Search for compounds regulating NO production in patients with DM is thus important for the development of pharmacological drugs. Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) are prospective compounds from this point of view. The goals of this study were to study the in vivo effects of new DHPs on NO and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species production in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of DM in rats and to study their ability to protect DNA against nocive action of peroxynitrite. STZ…

0301 basic medicineBlood GlucoseMaleDihydropyridinesNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIXanthine DehydrogenaseDown-RegulationNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIDHPS030204 cardiovascular system & hematologyPharmacologyToxicologyEndothelial NOSKidneyNitric OxideProtective AgentsNitric oxideDiabetes Mellitus Experimental03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicinePeroxynitrous AcidmedicineAnimalsRats WistarReactive nitrogen speciesPharmacologybiologyGeneral MedicineDNAStreptozotocinReactive Nitrogen SpeciesRatsNitric oxide synthasePeroxynitrous acid030104 developmental biologyBiochemistrychemistryLiverbiology.proteinReactive Oxygen SpeciesPeroxynitritemedicine.drugBasicclinical pharmacologytoxicology
researchProduct

Retinol oxidation to retinoic acid in human thyroid glandular cells.

2014

Abstract Retinoic acid is regarded as the retinol metabolite that controls proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) in retinoic acid biosynthesis in human thyroid glandular cells (HTGC). In particular, we observed that cellular retinoids binding proteins (CRBPs) are also implicated in the biosynthetic pathway leading to retinoic acid formation in primary cultures of HTGC, as we have already reported for human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). After partial protein purification, the enzyme responsible for retinoic acid biosynthesis was identified and quantified as XDH by immunoassay, by its …

AdultMaleXanthine DehydrogenasePrimary Cell CultureRetinoic acidThyroid GlandOxypurinolRetinoic acid receptor betaTretinoinBiologyXanthinechemistry.chemical_compoundBiosynthesisSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaDrug DiscoveryHumansEnzyme InhibitorsVitamin AEnzyme AssaysPharmacologyImmunoassayRetinolEpithelial CellsRetinol-Binding Proteins CellularGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedXanthineUric AcidRetinoic acid receptorchemistryXanthine dehydrogenaseBiochemistryCRABPs CRBPs human glandular cells. retinoic acid biosynthesis. retinol oxidation xanthine dehydrogenaseUric acidFemaleOxidation-ReductionJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
researchProduct

Estradiol decreases xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme activity and protein expression innon-tumorigenicand malignant human mammary epithelial cells

2009

The retinoic acid deficiency in breast tumour epithelial cells has been ascribed to an insufficient expression of either the enzyme(s) involved in its biosynthesis or the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) or both. In an attempt to define the mechanisms underpinning retinoic acid deficiency in these cell model systems, we have investigated the potential regulatory effect of oestrogen (17β-estradiol) on one key player in retinoic acid biosynthesis, the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). This enzyme is consistently expressed and very active in non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC), as opposed to tumour MDA-MB231 and MCF7 cells. In these latter two cell lines, as opposed to HMEC …

CellRetinoic acidTretinoinBiologyBiochemistryGene Expression Regulation Enzymologicchemistry.chemical_compoundCell Line TumorSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaRETINOIC ACIDmedicineHumansRNA MessengerMammary Glands Humanskin and connective tissue diseasesXanthine oxidaseXANTHINE OXIDASEESTRADIOLMolecular BiologyRetinolEpithelial CellsCell BiologyMolecular biologyEnzyme assayGene Expression Regulation NeoplasticRetinoic acid receptormedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryXanthine dehydrogenaseCell culturebiology.proteinXANTHINE DEHYDROGENASEJournal of Cellular Biochemistry
researchProduct

ALLOPURINOL BLOCKS AORTIC ANEURYSM IN A MOUSE MODEL OF MARFAN SYNDROME VIA REDUCING AORTIC OXIDATIVE STRESS

2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundIncreasing evidence indicates that redox stress participates in MFS aortopathy, though its mechanistic contribution is little known. We reported elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and NADPH oxidase NOX4 upregulation in MFS patients and mouse aortae. Here we address the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which catabolizes purines into uric acid and ROS in MFS aortopathy.Methods and ResultsIn aortic samples from MFS patients, XOR protein expression, revealed by immunohistochemistry, increased in both the tunicae intima and media of the dilated zone. In MFS mice (Fbn1C1041G/+), aortic XOR mRNA transcripts and enzymatic activity of the oxidase form (X…

Marfan syndromemedicine.medical_specialtyEstrès oxidatiuAortic aneurysmsAllopurinolAllopurinolBiochemistryMarfan SyndromeMicechemistry.chemical_compoundAortic aneurysmMetal·loproteïnasesPhysiology (medical)medicine.arteryInternal medicinemedicineAnimalsAortaAortaNADPH oxidasebiologybusiness.industryConnective tissues diseasesNOX4Enzyme inhibitorsHydrogen Peroxidemedicine.diseaseMetalloproteinasesAortic AneurysmÀcid úricDisease Models AnimalOxidative StressEndocrinologyInhibidors enzimàticschemistryXanthine dehydrogenaseOxidative stressbiology.proteinUric acidMalalties del teixit connectiuAneurismes aòrticsReactive Oxygen SpeciesbusinessOxidation-ReductionUric acidmedicine.drug
researchProduct

Redox signaling in acute pancreatitis

2015

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreatic gland that eventually may lead to a severe systemic inflammatory response. A key event in pancreatic damage is the intracellular activation of NF-κB and zymogens, involving also calcium, cathepsins, pH disorders, autophagy, and cell death, particularly necrosis. This review focuses on the new role of redox signaling in acute pancreatitis. Oxidative stress and redox status are involved in the onset of acute pancreatitis and also in the development of the systemic inflammatory response, being glutathione depletion, xanthine oxidase activation, and thiol oxidation in proteins critical features of the disease in the pancreas. On th…

NecrosisGSH reduced glutathioneSTAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinasesClinical BiochemistryCCK cholecystokininTRAFs TNF receptor associated factorsReview ArticleIκB kinasePharmacologymedicine.disease_causeBiochemistrySHP small heterodimer partnerSTIM1 stromal interaction molecule 1chemistry.chemical_compoundHATs histone acetyltransferasesMedicineASK1GCL glutamate cysteine ligaseTNF-α tumor necrosis factor alphaIKK IκB kinaseNOS nitric oxide synthaseAcute inflammationHIF hypoxia inducible factorlcsh:QH301-705.5NF-κB nuclear factor kappa BDAMPs damage-associated molecular pattern moleculeslcsh:R5-920biologyGSSG oxidized glutathioneNF-kappa BNLRs nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptorsTRADD tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain proteinTRPC3 transient receptor potential channel 3VEGF vascular endothelial growth factorGlutathioneTNFR tumor necrosis factor receptorHMGB1 high-mobility group Box 1 proteinIP3R inositol 145-trisphosphate receptor type 3VCAM-1 Vascular Cell adhesion protein 1Acute DiseaseJNK c-Jun N-terminal kinaseAcute pancreatitisTLRs toll-like receptorsmedicine.symptomlcsh:Medicine (General)Oxidation-ReductionAP-1 activator protein-1Signal TransductionmRNA messenger ribonucleic acidHMGB1ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a carboxy-terminal CARDRNS reactive nitrogen speciesPTPs protein tyrosine phosphatasesROS reactive oxygen speciesNADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidepHe extracellular pHFAEE fatty acid ethyl estersAP acute pancreatitisHumansXanthine oxidaseCBP CREB-binding proteinRyR endoplasmic reticulum membrane ryanodine receptorsMDA malondialdehydeNO nitric oxideXO xanthine oxidaseASK1 apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1business.industryOrganic ChemistryAutophagyNADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateHDACs histone deacetylasesmedicine.diseaseCARS compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndromeXDH xanthine dehydrogenaseIL interleukinIκB inhibitor of kappa BAcute pancreatitisETC Electron transport chainPancreatitisMKPs MAPK phosphatasesSAP severe acute pancreatitischemistrylcsh:Biology (General)DTT dithiothreitolOxidative stressNAC N-acetyl cysteineImmunologybiology.proteinCalciumLysosomesReactive Oxygen SpeciesbusinessMAPK mitogen-activated protein kinaseOxidative stressERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyRedox Biology
researchProduct

Protective Effect of Sildenafil against Estradiol-induced ROS production

2010

Several reports suggest that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and its oxidase form (XO) play an important role in various forms of ischemic and vascular injuries. Recently we have demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) induces a significant decrease of the expression and activity of XDH and its conversion to XO in human mammary epithelial cells. E2 is known to induce upregulation of eNOS gene expression in aortic endothelial cells. In light of the ability of XO-derived O2•¯ to combine with •NO to yield ONOO¯, and considering that ONOO¯ converts XDH to XO, it is important to protect tissues against the XO increased activity and ROS increased production, that would in turn react with •NO to augment…

OestrogenOxidative stressXanthine dehydrogenaseSettore BIO/10 - Biochimicaxanthine oxidase
researchProduct

Xanthine dehydrogenase processes retinol to retinoic acid in human mammary epithelial cells

2008

Retinoic acid is considered to be the active metabolite of retinol, able to control differentiation and proliferation of epithelia. Retinoic acid biosynthesis has been widely described with the implication of multiple enzymatic activities. However, our understanding of the cell biological function and regulation of this process is limited. In a recent study we evidenced that milk xanthine oxidase (E.C. 1.17.3.2.) is capable to oxidize all-trans-retinol bound to CRBP (holo-CRBP) to all-trans-retinaldehyde and then to all-trans-retinoic acid. To get further knowledge regarding this process we have evaluated the biosynthetic pathway of retinoic acid in a human mammary epithelial cell line (HME…

Receptors Retinoic AcidXanthine dehydrogenaseCellRetinoic acidOxypurinolTretinoinRetinoic acid receptor betaBiologychemistry.chemical_compoundSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaDrug DiscoverymedicineHumansMammary Glands HumanVitamin AXanthine oxidaseHMECPharmacologyRetinolEpithelial CellsRetinol-Binding Proteins CellularGeneral MedicineMilk ProteinsNADRetinoic acid receptormedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryBiochemistryXanthine dehydrogenaseRetinol oxidationRetinoic acid receptor alphaRetinoid AcidMetabolic Networks and PathwaysJournal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
researchProduct

Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of retinol.

2007

In mammals, xanthine oxidase (E.C. 1.17.3.2) catalyzes the hydroxylation of a wide variety of heterocyclic substrates such as purines, pyrimidines, and pterins, in addition to aldehydes [1] as all-trans-retinaldehyde [2-5]. Here, we show that buttermilk xanthine oxidase was capable to oxidizing all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) to all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) that was successively oxidized to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA). A rise in the enzyme activity, when t-ROL-CRBP complex was assayed, with respect to the free t-ROL, was observed. Furthermore, treatment of the enzyme with Na2S and glutathione resulted in a significant increment in catalytic activity toward t-ROL and t-RAL, due to the recons…

Xanthine OxidaseReceptors Retinoic Acidchemistry.chemical_elementTretinoinHydroxylationLigandsCatalysisHydroxylationchemistry.chemical_compoundRetinoidsDrug DiscoveryHumansXanthine oxidasePurine metabolismVitamin APharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationHypoxanthinebiologyEthanolRetinol-Binding Proteins CellularGeneral MedicineGlutathioneEnzyme assayOxygenRetinol-Binding ProteinsKineticsEnzymechemistryBiochemistryXanthine dehydrogenaseMolybdenumbiology.proteinXanthine oxidase retinol oxidation retinaldehyde oxidation retinoic acid biosynthesis cellular retinoid binding protein (CRBP) Cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP) retinol binding protein (RBP)Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
researchProduct

Estrogen Inhibits Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis In Tumor Breast Epithelial Cell Lines

2008

Xanthine OxidaseRetinolCellular Retinol Binding Protein I (CRBPI)Xanthine DehydrogenaseSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaRetinoic acid
researchProduct

Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the synthesis of retinoic acid

2001

Milk xanthine oxidase (xanthine: oxygen oxidoreductase; XO; EC 1.1.3.22) was found to catalyze the conversion of retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. The ability of XO to synthesize all trans-retinoic acid efficiently was assessed by its turnover number of 31.56 min-1, determined at pH 7.0 with 1 nM XO and all trans-retinaldehyde varying between 0.05 to 2 microM. The determination of both retinoid and purine content in milk was also considered in order to correlate their concentrations with kinetic parameters of retinaldehyde oxidase activity. The velocity of the reaction was dependent on the isomeric form of the substrate, the all trans- and 9-cis-forms being the preferred substrates rather tha…

Xanthine OxidaseStereochemistryRetinoic AcidMolecular ConformationRetinoic acidAllopurinolTretinoinXanthineBiochemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundOxidoreductaseSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicamedicineAnimalsXanthine oxidaseChromatography High Pressure Liquidchemistry.chemical_classificationOxidase testChemistryHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationNADXanthineUric AcidOxygenMilkXanthine dehydrogenaseBiochemistryRetinaldehydeFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideRetinaldehydeMolecular MedicineRetinaldehyde OxidasePurine inhibitionmedicine.drug
researchProduct